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The Bridegroom

Marked in the translation at 21:2, 21:9.


This note is interpretation, not translation. Revelation has a bride, but it never once calls Jesus the bridegroom. The word, nymphios, is in the book once, at 18:23, where Babylon loses the sound of it. Yet the wedding is “of the Lamb” (19:7, 19:9), and the bride is “the wife of the Lamb” (21:9). This note gathers where scripture names the groom.

The wedding in this book. “The wedding of the Lamb has come, and his bride has made herself ready. She was allowed to dress in fine linen, bright and clean. The fine linen is the just acts of God’s people” (19:7–8). “Happy are those invited to the wedding supper of the Lamb” (19:9). John sees the holy city “coming down out of the sky from God, prepared like a bride dressed for her husband” (21:2), and is told, “Come here — I will show you the bride, the wife of the Lamb” (21:9). At the very end, “the Spirit and the bride say, Come” (22:17). In Babylon, by contrast, “the voice of a bridegroom and a bride will never be heard in you again” (18:23), the words of Jeremiah’s judgment on Jerusalem (Jeremiah 25:10), marked there.

God the bridegroom, in the prophets. “As the bridegroom rejoices over the bride, so your God will rejoice over you” (Isaiah 62:5). “I will betroth you to me forever; I will betroth you to me in righteousness and in justice, in steadfast love and in mercy; I will betroth you to me in faithfulness, and you will know the LORD” (Hosea 2:19–20; 2:21–22 in the Hebrew). Isaiah: “He has clothed me with the garments of salvation … as a bridegroom adorns himself, and as a bride adorns herself with her jewels” (Isaiah 61:10).

The garments of Yeshua — Jon’s reading. Jesus’ name in Hebrew is Yeshua, and yeshuah and yesha are the Hebrew words for salvation; the Gospel says so when the name is given: “you will call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins” (Matthew 1:21). So wherever the Hebrew scriptures clothe someone in salvation, Jon reads the garment as His: garments of Yeshua. The texts that put salvation on as clothing are these. Isaiah’s bride and groom: “He has clothed me with garments of salvation (bigdei yesha), He has wrapped me in a robe of righteousness” (Isaiah 61:10; Swete enedysen me himation sōtēriou). The priests of Zion: “her priests I will clothe with salvation” (Psalm 132:16, albish yesha), which is Solomon’s prayer at the temple’s dedication, “let your priests, LORD God, be clothed with salvation” (2 Chronicles 6:41). And God Himself: “He put on righteousness as a breastplate, and a helmet of salvation (yeshuah) on His head” (Isaiah 59:17). Simeon, holding the child, says, “my eyes have seen your salvation” (Luke 2:30), the word used of a person. And Isaiah tells Zion, “Look, your salvation comes (yish’ekh ba); look, his reward is with him” (62:11), which the Greek translators read as a person, “look, your Saviour arrives, having his reward with him”, and which this book puts in Jesus’ own mouth: “Look — I am coming soon, and my reward is with me” (22:12), marked there. In this book what the bride wears is given (19:8), bought from Him (3:18), and washed white in the blood of the Lamb (7:14).

Red flag That the garments of salvation are Jesus, or His name. No verse says it. Isaiah’s robe is put on Zion by God, and this book calls the bride’s linen “the just acts of God’s people” (19:8). What the text does give is the name’s meaning (Matthew 1:21), a child called salvation (Luke 2:30), and Isaiah’s “your salvation comes” spoken in the first person at 22:12; the step from those to the clothing is Jon’s.

Jesus the bridegroom, in the Gospels. Asked why His students did not fast, He said, “Can the wedding guests fast while the bridegroom is with them? … The days will come when the bridegroom is taken away from them, and then they will fast” (Mark 2:19–20). John the Baptist: “The one who has the bride is the bridegroom. The friend of the bridegroom, who stands and hears him, rejoices greatly at the bridegroom’s voice” (John 3:29). His first sign was at a wedding at Cana (John 2:1–11). And in the parable, at midnight the cry goes up, “Look, the bridegroom! Come out to meet him,” and “those who were ready went in with him to the wedding, and the door was shut” (Matthew 25:6, 25:10). At Laodicea He is the one at the door, knocking (3:20), with the Song of Songs’ beloved knocking marked there.

The bride He makes ready. Paul: “Christ loved the assembly and gave Himself up for her, to make her holy … so that He might present the assembly to Himself in splendour, without spot or wrinkle or any such thing” (Ephesians 5:25–27); “I betrothed you to one husband, to present you as a pure virgin to the Anointed” (2 Corinthians 11:2). In this book the bride “has made herself ready,” and the linen she wears “was given” to her (19:7–8). The groom gave Himself for her, and He gives her what she wears.

Read it in place: Revelation 21:2 → · Revelation 21:9 →

All the readings → · Start the translation at chapter 1 →